探讨辣椒素对人γδ T细胞体外增殖及杀伤骨肉瘤细胞的影响及作用机制。分离健康人PBMC，加入到含异戊烯焦磷酸(isopentenyl pyrophosphate，IPP)和IL-2的DMEM-F12完全培养基中诱导培养γδ T细胞。不同浓度的辣椒素作用于γδ T细胞48 h后， CCK-8法检测各药物浓度组γδ T细胞的增殖能力， 采用流式细胞术检测各组γδ T细胞穿孔素、颗粒酶B、 CD107a及IFN-γ的表达，用LDH释放法检测各组γδ T细胞对骨肉瘤HOS细胞的体外杀伤活性。结果显示，培养7 d时各组γδ T细胞纯度达到了(85.33±6.07)%。浓度为3.2～50 μmol/L的辣椒素能显著促进γδ T细胞的增殖，在浓度为25 μmol/L时其穿孔素、颗粒酶B、CD107a及IFN-γ的表达均显著高于对照组，且对人骨肉瘤HOS细胞的体外杀伤活性显著增强。以上结果提示辣椒素在体外能通过促进γδ T细胞穿孔素、颗粒酶B和IFN-γ的表达上调显著增强其抗骨肉瘤细胞活性。

To study the effect of capsaicin on proliferation and killing activity of γδ T cells against osteosarcoma cellsin vitro. γδT cells derived from healthy donors were cultured in vitro in DMEM-F12 completed medium containing IPP and IL-2 for 7 d, and then co-cultured with different concentrations of capsaicin for 48 h. Proliferation of each group γδT cells were detected by CCK-8 method. The phenotype was identified by flow cytometer. Expression of perforin, granzyme B, CD107a and IFN-γ produced by γδT cells were verified by flow cytometer. The cytotoxic activity of γδ T cells against HOS cells were analyzed by LDH release assay. After being cultured for 7 d, the percentage of γδ T cells reached (85.33±6.07) %. Compared with the control group that has not been treated with capsaicin, the proliferation of γδ T cells incubated with 3.2～50 μmol/L capsaicin for 48 h were enhanced significantly. Furthermore, killing activity against HOS cells and expressions of perforin, granzyme B, CD107a and IFN-γ by γδ T cells incubated with 25μmol/L capsaicin were markedly higher than the control group. The results suggest that capsaicin could significantly increase γδ T cells` cyotoxic activity against osteosarcoma HOS cells, and up-regulation of perforin, granzyme B and IFN-γ expression may be the important molecular mechanism for killing of osteosarcoma cells.