百日咳是由百日咳鲍特菌引起的婴幼儿急性呼吸道传染病。20世纪40年代全细胞百日咳疫苗(whole-cell pertussis vaccine，wP)和20世纪90年代无细胞百日咳疫苗(acellular pertussis vaccine，aP)的引入降低了百日咳的发病率和死亡率，原因在于aP和wP可诱导机体产生抗体和细胞介导免疫(cell-mediated immune，CMI)反应。虽然使用这些疫苗可在不同程度上预防百日咳，但预防传播的效果并不太好，因此需要继续开发改良型百日咳疫苗配方。目前，改良型百日咳疫苗主要包括外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicle，OMV)疫苗、DNA疫苗、纳米颗粒疫苗、生物膜相关抗原疫苗、减毒活疫苗以及能够同时诱导抗体和CMI反应的新型无毒佐剂等。该文将对这些改良型疫苗作一概述。

Whooping cough is an acute respiratory infectious disease in infants caused by Bordetella pertussis. Development of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940 s and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in the 1990 s reduced the incidence and mortality of pertussis because they induce both antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. While these vaccines provide varying levels of protection against whooping cough, their effectiveness on blocking disease transmission is still questionable, warranting continuation of efforts in the development of improved pertussis vaccine formulations. In this review, we discuss the current progresses in improved vaccines including outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine, DNA vaccines, nanoparticle vaccines, novel biofilm-associated antigens vaccine, live attenuated vaccines and novel non-toxic adjuvants capable of inducing both antibody and CMI responses. An overview of the above types of improved pertussis vaccines are provided in this paper.