为分析巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus，CMV）及EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus，EBV）感染与儿童系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE）疾病活动度的关系，选取78例SLE患儿作为SLE组，根据发病时间、使用激素和免疫抑制剂的情况将SLE患儿分为新发组（35例）和稳定组（43例），另选取接受健康体检的100例健康儿童作为对照组，采用Spearman法分析CMV及EBV感染与儿童SLE的相关性。结果显示，SLE组患儿CMV IgM、EBV DNA阳性率分别为25.64%、26.92%，均显著高于对照组（3.00%、12.00%，P＜0.05）；Spearman法相关性分析结果显示，CMV IgM、EBV DNA阳性与SLE呈显著正相关（r值分别为0.375、0.241，P＜0.05）；稳定组患儿CMV IgM阳性率为34.88%，显著高于新发组（14.29%，P=0.038）；CMV IgM（＋）组抗核糖体P蛋白（anti-ribosomal P protein，Rib-P）抗体阳性率（60.00%）高于CMV IgM（－）组（25.86%，P=0.006），直接Coombs试验阳性率（70.00%）高于CMV IgM（－）组（36.21%，P=0.009），抗β2糖蛋白1（anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1，β2GP1）抗体水平、红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR)、SLE疾病活动指数（SLE disease activity index，SLEDAI）均高于CMV IgM（－）组（P＜0.05），补体3（complement 3，C3）水平低于CMV IgM（－）组（P＜0.05）；EBV DNA（＋）组CD19⁺、CD23⁺/CD19⁺细胞表达率，ESR, SLEDAI均高于EBV DNA（－）组（P＜0.05），C3水平低于EBV DNA（－）组（P＜0.05）。该研究提示，CMV及EBV感染与儿童SLE的发生以及疾病活动度关系密切。

To analyze the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children, a total of 78 SLE children were enrolled and divided into new-onset group (n=35) and stable group (n=43) based on disease onset time and corticoid and immunosuppressants treatments. Another 100 healthy children undergoing routine physical examination were enrolled as control group. The correlation between CMV or EBV infection and the occurrence of SLE in children was determined by Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that the positive rates of CMV IgM or EBV DNA in SLE patients were 25.64% and 26.92%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in control group（3.00% and 12.00%，respectively, P＜0.05). Spearman analysis revealed the significant positive correlation of CMV IgM or EBV DNA with SLE occurrence (r=0.375 and 0.241, respectively, P<0.05). The positive rate of CMV IgM in stable group was 34.88%, significantly higher than 14.29% in new-onset group (P=0.038). In addition, compared to CMV IgM (-) group, CMV IgM (+) group showed higher positive rate of anti-ribosomal P protein (Rib-P) antibody (60.00% vs 25.86%, P=0.006), positive rate of direct Coombs test (70.00% vs 36.21%, P=0.009), levels of anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1) antibody, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (P<0.05). In contrast, the level of complement component 3 (C3) in CMV IgM (+) group was lower than that in CMV IgM (-) group (P<0.05). The EBV DNA (+) group had higher percentage of CD19⁺ and CD23⁺/CD19⁺ cells, ESR and SLEDAI (P<0.05) but lower C3 level (P<0.05) compared to EBV DNA (-) group. Altogether, the study indicates that CMV and EBV infection are closely associated with the occurrence and disease activity of SLE in children.